Most home lighting and wall outlet branch circuits may carry as much as 1500 watts (15 ampere branch); Some kitchen circuits, as much as 2000 watts (20 ampere).

CORDS

Q. Are lamp, extension, telephone and other cords placed out of the flow of traffic? ___ Yes ___ No

Cords stretched across walkways may cause someone to trip. Whenever possible, arrange furniture so that outlets are available for lamps and appliances without the use of extension cords. Extension cords should not be used as a substitute for permanent wiring. If you must use an extension cord, place it on the floor against a wall where people cannot trip over it. Move the phone so that telephone cords will not lie where people walk.

Q. Are cords out from beneath furniture and rugs or carpeting? ___Yes ___No

Furniture resting on cords can damage them. Electric cords which run under carpeting can overheat and cause a fire. Remove cords from under furniture or carpeting. Replace damaged or frayed cords.

Q. Are cords attached to the walls, baseboards, etc. with nails or staples? ___Yes ___No

Nails or staples can damage cords, presenting fire and shock hazards. Remove nails and staples from cords after disconnecting power. Check wiring for damage. Use tape if necessary to attach cords to walls or floors.

Q. Are electrical cords in good condition, not frayed or cracked? __ Yes __ No

Damaged cords may cause a shock or fire. Replace frayed or cracked cords. Do not use frayed electrical cords

Q. Do extension cords carry no more than their proper load, as indicated by the ratings labeled on the cord and the appliance? __ Yes __No

Overloaded extension cords may cause fires. Replace No. 18 gauge cords with No. 16 gauge cords. Older extension cords using small (No. 18 gauge) wires can overheat at 15 amps or 20 amps. Change the cord to a higher rated one or unplug some appliances, if the rating on the cord is exceeded because of the power requirements of one or more appliances being used on the cord. Use an extension cord having a sufficient amp or wattage rating, if an extension cord is needed.

LIGHT BULBS

Q. Are the light bulbs the appropriate size and type for the lamp or fixture?
__ Yes __ No

A bulb of too high wattage or the wrong type may lead to fire through overheating. Ceiling fixtures, recessed lights, and "hooded" lamps will trap heat. Replace with a bulb of the correct type and wattage. (If you do not know the correct wattage, contact the manufacturer of the fixture.) Place halogen lamps away from curtains. These lamps become very hot and can cause a fire hazard.

SPACE HEATERS

Q. Are heaters which come with a 3-prong plug being used in a 3-hole outlet or with a properly attached adapter? __Yes __ No

The grounding feature provided by a 3-hole receptacle or an adapter for a 2-hole receptacle is a safety feature designed to lessen the risk of shock. Never defeat the grounding feature. Use an adapter to connect the heater's 3-prong plug, if you do not have a 3-hole outlet. Make sure the adapter ground wire or tab is attached to the outlet.

Q. Are heaters placed where they can not be knocked over, and away from furnishings and flammable materials, such as curtains or rugs? __Yes __ No

Heaters can cause fires or serious burns if they cause you to trip, if they are knocked over or if they are placed near home furnishings. Relocate heaters away from passageways and flammable materials such as curtains, rugs, furniture or newspaper.

SHOCK PROTECTORS   -  GROUND-FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS

A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) detects any loss (leakage) of electrical current in a circuit that might be flowing through a person using an electrical product. When such a loss is detected, the GFCI turns electricity off before severe injuries or electrocution can occur. (However, you may receive a painful shock during the time that it takes for the GFCI to cut off the electricity.) GFCI wall outlets can be installed in place of standard outlets to protect against electrocution for just that outlet, or a series of outlets in the same branch. A GFCI Circuit Breaker can be installed on some circuit breaker electrical panels to protect against electrocution, excessive leakage current and overcurrent for an entire branch circuit. Plug-in GFCIs can be plugged into wall outlets where appliances will be used.

Q. Have you tested your GFCIs to be sure they still offers protection rom fatal electrical shock? __Yes __ No

A GFCI can provide power without giving an indication that it is no longer providing shock protection. Be sure your GFCI still provides protection from fatal electric shock. Test monthly. First plug a night light or lamp into the GFCI-protected wall outlet (the light should be turned on), then depress the "TEST" button on the GFCI. If the GFCI is working properly, the light should go out. There will be an indicator to show if it is working properly or not. If it is working, it will disconnect the power from the protected circuit or plug. If not, have the GFCI replaced. Reset the GFCI to restore power. If the "RESET" button pops out but the light does not go out, the GFCI has been improperly wired and does not offer shock protection at that wall outlet. Contact a qualified electrician to correct any wiring errors.

PROBLEM: Electric shocks can be more serious in certain locations of the home such as bathrooms, kitchens, basements and garages where people can contact heating radiators, water pipes, electric heaters, electric stoves and water in sinks and bathtubs. If a person touches one of these and a faulty electrical appliance at the same time, they can receive a shock and may be electrocuted.

If you have a home without GFCIs, consult with a qualified electrician about adding this protection. If you want to install some GFCI protection yourself, use plug-in units to protect individual wall outlets. Both two-conductor and three-conductor receptacle outlets can be protected with plug-in units. You may have a newer home that is equipped with GFCIs in the home areas mentioned above.

FUSES and CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Fuses and circuit breakers are safety devices located on your electrical panel to prevent over-loading and fires. They stop the electrical current if it exceeds the safe level for some portion of the home electrical system. Overloading means that the appliances and lighting in the home regularly demand more electrical current than the home electrical system can safely deliver. If the demand for electrical current exceeds the safety level, a fuse opens once and must be replaced to reconnect the circuit. A circuit breaker "trips" its switch to open the circuit, and the circuit is reconnected by closing the switch manually There are at least two different types of circuit breakers. One has a control handle that swings all the way to "OFF" when it is tripped. The other has an intermediate position, close to "ON" (sometimes it is difficult to see that it has tripped). Both types of circuit breakers must be reset with the hand control after the problem has been eliminated. The first type should simply be moved back to "ON," the second moved first to "OFF" and then to "ON."

Q. If fuses are used, are they the correct size for the circuit? __ Yes _ No

Replacing a correct size fuse with a larger size fuse can present a serious fire hazard. If the fuse in the box is rated higher than that idicated for the circuit, excessive current will be allowed to flow and possibly overload the outlet and house wiring to the point that a fire can begin. Be certain that correct-size fuses are used. (If you do not know the correct sizes, plan to have a qualified electrician identify and label the sizes to be used.)

NOTE.. Most of the screw-based fuses used should be 15 amp. If all, or nearly all, fuses used are 30 amp, these fuses may be rated too high for the circuits.

FUSES PROBLEM: Your fuse panel has Edison-base plug fuses (screw base like a light bulb) installed. Fuses of different ratings will fit in Edison sockets. Edison-Base Plug Edison-Base Plug S-Type Plug S-Type Socket Fuse(open) Fuse (new) Fuse Insert EDISON-BASE / S-TYPE FUSES

Consumers sometimes replace a fuse that repeatedly "blows" with a higher ampere rated fuse. Although the new fuse may not open, it also may not protect the branch circuit. Overloading can lead to fire. To prevent future installation of fuses that allow currents too high for your wiring, your fuse panel should be converted to S-type sockets that accept only fuses of the correct amperage rating. If you have Edison-base fuse sockets, have them fitted with the S-type socket inserts.

PROBLEM: If your home has a four-fuse panel (60-ampere) service, most of the fuses will be rated at 15 or, at most, 20 amperes. If you do not know for certain, have your electrical panel inspected to determine which branches should be protected at a 15-ampere level and which, if any, are adequate for 20 ampere safety devices. If it has one or more fuses rated above 20 amperes, someone may have tried to avoid power outages by substituting higher amperage fuses. Your wiring may be exposed to overloading that can lead to fire. Reduce the fuses to 15-ampere rated ones, unless you are absolutely certain that a special circuit is wired for 20 amperes. If fuses continue to "blow", keep track of which branch circuits are affected and which appliances are in use when the power outage occurs. Consult a qualified electrician to resolve the problem.

                 OUTLETS AND SWITCHES

Switches are used to turn the power on and off. Receptacle outlets are usually mounted on a wall or floor to supply electricity to appliances through a cord and plug.

Q. Are there outlets or switches which are unusually warm or hot to the touch? __ Yes ___ No

Unusually warm or hot outlets or switches may indicate that an unsafe wiring condition exists. Unplug cords from these outlets and do not use the switches. Have a qualified electrician check the wiring as soon as possible.

Q. Do all outlets and switches have cover plates so that no wiring is exposed? ___Yes ___No

Exposed wiring presents a shock hazard. Add a cover plate.

Q. Are small electrical appliances such as hair dryers, shavers, curling irons, unplugged when not in use? ___Yes ___No

SMALL APPLIANCES AND TOOLS

Even an appliance that is not turned on, such as a hairdryer, can be potentially hazardous if it is left plugged in. If it falls into water in a sink or bathtub while plugged in, it could electrocute you. Install ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protection near your kitchen and bathroom sinks to protect against electric shock. For more information, see the section on GFCI's. Unplug all small appliances when not in use. Never reach into water to get an appliance that has fallen in without being sure the appliance is unplugged.

Q. Do you make sure that there is nothing covering your electric blanket when in use, and do you avoid "tucking in" the sides or ends of your electric blanket? __ Yes __ No

"Tucking in" an electric blanket or placing additional coverings on top of it can cause excessive heat buildup which can start a fire. Do not tuck in electric blankets. Use electric blankets according to the manufacturer's instructions. Don't allow anything on top of the blanket while it is in use. (This includes other blankets or comforters, even pets sleeping on top of the blanket.) Do not use electric blankets on children.

Q. Do you turn off your heating pad before you go to sleep? __ Yes __ No

Sleeping with a heating pad that is turned on can cause serious burns even at relatively low settings. Never go to sleep with a heating pad that is turned on. Do not use a heating pad if you are diabetic or obese.

Q. Are power tools equipped with a 3-prong plug or marked to show they are double insulated? __ Yes __ No

These safety features reduce the risk of an electric shock. Use a properly connected 3-prong adapter for connecting a 3-prong plug to a 2-hole receptacle. Consider replacing old tools that have neither a 3-prong plug nor are double insulated.

Q. Are power tool guards in place? __ Yes ___No

Power tools used with guards removed pose a serious risk of injury from sharp edges or moving parts. Replace guards that have been removed from power tools.

Q. Are the grounding features of any 3-prong plugs being properly used i.e., the grounding pin has not been removed? __ Yes ___ No

The third prong is there because the appliance must be grounded to avoid electric shock.

The few minutes you take to check your home using this article could prevent a safety hazard and save a life!